Qualitative study of perfect-fluid Friedmann-Lema\tre-Robertson-Walker models with a cosmological constant
Abstract
The evolution of spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models containing a perfect fluid with equation of state p=w\ and a cosmological constant \ is investigated for arbitrary combinations of w and , using standard qualitative analysis borrowed from classical mechanics. This approach allows one to consider a large variety of situations, appreciating similarities and differences between models, without solving the Friedmann equation, and is suitable for an elementary course in cosmology.
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