The Conformal Universe III: Basic Mechanisms of Matter Generation

Abstract

This is the last of three papers on Conformal General Relativity (CGR), which ascribes inflation to a spontaneous breakdown of conformal symmetry, followed by a sudden energy transfer from geometry to matter identified as big bang. This process is driven by a conformal-invariant, unitarity-preserving interaction of two Nambu-Goldstone fields: a ghost scalar field $\sigma$, invested with geometric meaning, and a physical scalar field $\varphi$ behaving like a Higgs field of varying mass. The big bang generates a bulk of Higgs bosons at temperature $T_B\simeq 141$ GeV, after which the universe evolves adiabatically while the Higgs bosons decay into Standard-Model particles and the magnitude of the gravitational coupling constant decreases. The process ends when the $\sigma$-$\varphi$ interaction potential vanishes, the amplitudes of these fields converge to their expectation values in a final stable vacuum and the Higgs-boson mass converges to about 126 GeV. The main aspects of this phenomenology are qualitatively described and accurately exemplified by numerical simulations. The combination of CGR gravitational equation at time zero with entropy conservation equation results in striking predictions. The best fit to astronomic data is obtained from only standard Higgs boson parameters and a universe age of 19.5 Gyr. The cosmological constant $\Lambda\simeq 1.35\times 10^{-35}$s$^{-2}$, the scale factor across inflation $Z\simeq 4.54\times 10^{27}$, and the lower bound of the power spectrum of cosmic background anisotropies $W_{min}\!\simeq 37.5\,\mu$K$^2$ are thus predicted.