Relativity, GPS, and the Validity of Common View Synchronization

Abstract

We show here that Common View Synchronization is valid to synchronize distant clocks. We describe the relativistic physics, noting that a prerequisite for synchronization is the existence of a space-time with a stationary metric. The analysis shows that there are no Special Relativistic effects that need be included in the synchronization method, beyond those in a standard GPS clock. In particular, synchronizing a ground clock to the GPS satellite does not make that clock keep time in the reference frame of the satellite. Symmetries are very helpful in analyzing the behavior. We briefly describe some practical considerations in synchronizing distant earth clocks, such as antenna cabling and variations in receiver electronics, and how Common View Synchronization accommodates them.