QSO 0347-383 and the invariance of m_p/m_e in the course of cosmic time

Abstract

The variation of the dimensionless fundamental physical constant mu = m_p/m_e (the proton to electron mass ratio) can be constrained via observation of Lyman and Werner lines of molecular hydrogen in the spectra of damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs) in the line of sight to distant QSOs. Drawing on VLT-UVES high resolution data sets of QSO 0347-383 and its DLA obtained in 2009 our analysis yields dmu/mu = (4.3 +/- 7.2) * 10^-6 at z_abs =3.025. We apply corrections for the observed offsets between discrete spectra and for the first time we find indications for inter-order distortions. Current analyses tend to underestimate the impact of systematic errors. Based on the scatter of the measured redshifts and the corresponding low significance of the redshift-sensitivity correlation we estimate the limit of accuracy of line position measurements to about 220 m/s, consisting of roughly 150 m/s due to the uncertainty of the absorption line fit and about 150 m/s allocated to systematics related to instrumentation and calibration.