Formation and structure of vortex lattices in a rotating double-well Bose-Einstein condensate

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of vortex formation and the structure of vortex lattices in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined within a rotating double-well (DW) potential. The dynamical process is a formation process of "ghost" vortices, "hidden" vortices and "visible" vortices. The critical rotation frequency for the creation of visible vortex is indicated by a sudden jump in the angular momentum evolution and an inflexion in the energy evolution. Different visible vortex structures can be formed by ruling the rotation frequency. In particular, structural change of visible vortex patterns can be achieved by regulating the anisotropy parameter of the DW potential. This feature allows to flexibly control the distribution of angular momentum in macroscopic quantum systems and study the interplay among rotation, interparticle interaction and external potential in superfluids.