Quantum graph as a quantum spectral filter

Abstract

We study the transmission of a quantum particle along a straight input--output line to which a graph $\Gamma$ is attached at a point. In the point of contact we impose a singularity represented by a certain properly chosen scale-invariant coupling with a coupling parameter $\alpha$. We show that the probability of transmission along the line as a function of the particle energy tends to the indicator function of the energy spectrum of $\Gamma$ as $\alpha\to\infty$. This effect can be used for a spectral analysis of the given graph $\Gamma$. Its applications include a control of a transmission along the line and spectral filtering. The result is illustrated with an example where $\Gamma$ is a loop exposed to a magnetic field. Two more quantum devices are designed using other special scale-invariant vertex couplings. They can serve as a band-stop filter and as a spectral separator, respectively.