Spin-independent v-representability of Wigner crystal oscillations in one-dimensional Hubbard chains: The role of spin-charge separation

Abstract

Electrons in one-dimension display the unusual property of separating their spin and charge into two independent entities: The first, which derive from uncharged spin-1/2 electrons, can travel at different velocities when compared with the second, built from charged spinless electrons. Predicted theoretically in the early sixties, the spin-charge separation has attracted renewed attention since the first evidences of experimental observation, with usual mentions as a possible explanation for high-temperature superconductivity. In one-dimensional (1D) model systems, the spin-charge separation leads the frequencies of Friedel oscillations to suffer a 2k_F -- 4k_F crossover, mainly when dealing with strong correlations, where they are referred to as Wigner crystal oscillations. In non-magnetized systems, the current density functionals which are applied to the 1D Hubbard model are not seen to reproduce this crossover, referring to a more fundamental question: Are the Wigner crystal oscillations in 1D systems non-interacting v-representable? Or, is there a spin-independent Kohn-Sham potential which is able to yield spin-charge separation? Finding an appropriate answer to both questions is our main task here. By means of exact and DMRG solutions, as well as, a new approach of exchange-correlation potential, we show the answer to be positive. Specifically, the v-representable 4k_F oscillations emerge from attractive interactions mediated by positively charged spinless holes -- the holons -- as an additional contribution to the repulsive on-site Hubbard interaction.