Emergence of Space and Spacetime Dynamics of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe

Abstract

In a recent paper [arXiv:1206.4916] by T. Padmanabhan, it was argued that our universe provides an ideal setup to stress the issue that cosmic space is emergent as cosmic time progresses and that the expansion of the universe is due to the difference between the number of degrees of freedom on a holographic surface and the one in the emerged bulk. In this note following this proposal we obtain the Friedmann equation of a higher dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. By properly modifying the volume increase and the number of degrees of freedom on the holographic surface from the entropy formulas of black hole in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity and more general Lovelock gravity, we also get corresponding dynamical equations of the universe in those gravity theories.