Understanding the entanglement entropy and spectra of 2D quantum systems through arrays of coupled 1D chains

Abstract

We describe an algorithm for studying the entanglement entropy and spectrum of 2D systems, as a coupled array of $N$ one dimensional chains in their continuum limit. Using the algorithm to study the quantum Ising model in 2D, (both in its disordered phase and near criticality) we confirm the existence of an area law for the entanglement entropy and show that near criticality there is an additive piece scaling as $c_{eff}\log (N)/6$ with $c_{eff} \approx 1$. \textcolor{black}{Studying the entanglement spectrum, we show that entanglement gap scaling can be used to detect the critical point of the 2D model. When short range (area law) entanglement dominates we find (numerically and perturbatively) that this spectrum reflects the energy spectrum of a single quantum Ising chain.