Isomorphic Hilbert spaces associated with different Complex Contours of the $\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric $(-x^{4}) $ Theory

Abstract

In this work, we stress the existence of isomorphisms which map complex contours from the upper half to contours in the lower half of the complex plane. The metric operator is found to depend on the chosen contour but the maps connecting different contours are norm-preserving. To elucidate these features, we parametrized the contour $z=-2i\sqrt{1+ix}$ considered in Phys.Rev.D73:085002 (2006) for the study of wrong sign $x^{4}$ theory. For the parametrized contour of the form $z=a\sqrt{b+i c x}$, we found that there exists an equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian provided that $a^{2} c$ is taken to be real. The equivalent Hamiltonian is $b$-independent but the metric operator is found to depend on all the parameters $a$, $b$ and $c$. Different values of these parameters generate different metric operators which define different Hilbert spaces . All these Hilbert spaces are isomorphic to each other even for parameters values that define contours with ends in two adjacent wedges. As an example, we showed that the transition amplitudes associated with the contour $z=-2i\sqrt{1+ix}$ are exactly the same as those calculated using the contour $z=\sqrt{1+ix}$, which is not $\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric and has ends in two adjacent wedges in the complex plane.