Invariance of waveguide grating mirrors to lateral displacement phase shifts

Abstract

We present a method to analyse the coupling of lateral displacements in nanoscale structures, in particular waveguide grating mirrors (WGM), into the phase of a reflected Gaussian beam using a finite-difference time-domain simulation. Such phase noise is of interest for using WGMs in high-precision interferometry. We show that WGMs do not couple lateral displacements into the phase of a reflected beam to a precision of 10^{-7} rad and that WGMs are therefore not subject to the same stringent alignment requirements as previously proposed layouts using diffraction gratings.