Observational Upper Bound on the Cosmic Abundances of Negative-mass Compact Objects and Ellis Wormholes from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search

Abstract

The latest result in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search (SQLS) has set the first cosmological constraints on negative-mass compact objects and Ellis wormholes. There are no multiple images lensed by the above two exotic objects for $\sim 50000$ distant quasars in the SQLS data. Therefore, an upper bound is put on the cosmic abundances of these lenses. The number density of negative mass compact objects is $n<10^{-8} (10^{-4}) h^3 {\rm Mpc}^{-3}$ at the mass scale $|M| > 10^{15} (10^{12}) M_\odot$, which corresponds to the cosmological density parameter $|\Omega| < 10^{-4}$ at the galaxy-scale mass range $|M|=10^{12-15}M_\odot$. The number density of the Ellis wormhole is $n<10^{-4} h^3 {\rm Mpc}^{-3}$ for a range of the throat radius $a = 10^{1-4}$pc, which is much smaller than the Einstein ring radius.