Comparison of different approaches to the longitudinal momentum spread after tunnel ionization

Abstract

We introduce a method to investigate the longitudinal momentum spread resulting from strong-field tunnel ionization of Helium which, unlike other methods, is valid for all ellipticities of laser pulse. Semiclassical models consisting of tunnel ionization followed by classical propagation in the combined ion and laser field reproduce the experimental results if an initial longitudinal spread at the tunnel exit is included. The values for this spread are found to be of the order of twice the transverse momentum spread.