Physics of Gluon Helicity Contribution to Proton Spin
Abstract
The total gluon helicity in a polarized proton, measurable in high-energy scattering, is shown to be the large momentum limit of a gauge-invariant but non-local, frame-dependent gluon spin E× A in QCD. This opens a door for a non-perturbative calculation of this quantity in lattice QCD, and also justifies using free-field expressions in the light-cone gauge as physical observables.
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