On Vinogradov's mean value theorem: strongly diagonal behaviour via efficient congruencing

Abstract

We enhance the efficient congruencing method for estimating Vinogradov's integral for moments of order $2s$, with $1\le s\le k^2-1$. In this way, we prove the main conjecture for such even moments when $1\le s\le \tfrac{1}{4}(k+1)^2$, showing that the moments exhibit strongly diagonal behaviour in this range. There are improvements also for larger values of $s$, these finding application to the asymptotic formula in Waring's problem.