Space-Efficient Parallel Algorithms for Combinatorial Search Problems
Abstract
We present space-efficient parallel strategies for two fundamental combinatorial search problems, namely, backtrack search and branch-and-bound, both involving the visit of an n-node tree of height h under the assumption that a node can be accessed only through its father or its children. For both problems we propose efficient algorithms that run on a p-processor distributed-memory machine. For backtrack search, we give a deterministic algorithm running in O(n/p+h p) time, and a Las Vegas algorithm requiring optimal O(n/p+h) time, with high probability. Building on the backtrack search algorithm, we also derive a Las Vegas algorithm for branch-and-bound which runs in O((n/p+h p n)h2 n) time, with high probability. A remarkable feature of our algorithms is the use of only constant space per processor, which constitutes a significant improvement upon previous algorithms whose space requirements per processor depend on the (possibly huge) tree to be explored.