Attractors, Equilibrium, Profit, Loss

Abstract

Various formulations of counterfactual general equilibrium in economies -- systems of actors manipulating economic goods -- are logically and mathematically analyzed. Evenly-rotating economies are systems whose evolution is stable, steady, and form-preserving. Several of their qualities are qualities of homeorhesis but they are not in homeostasis: because their instantaneous state is not steady, or in other words, they are not stationary. What is possibly stationary in whole economies is change over time of behavior of their parts in a way that causes that net of relations of these parts which results to be preserved over time. Necessary existence of actual disequilibrium and impossibility of actual or ultimate equilibrium is demonstrated and different types of equilibrium and disequilibrium are discussed.