Stability of $N$-soliton molecules in dispersion-managed optical fibers

Abstract

We investigate the stability of $N$-soliton molecules in dispersion-managed optical fibers with focus on the recently realized 2- and 3-soliton molecules. We calculate their binding energy using an averaged nonlinear Schr$\rm{\ddot o}$dinger equation. A combination of variational and numerical solutions to this equation shows that it describes well the intensity profiles and relative separations of the experimental molecules. Extending the calculation to larger values of $N$, the binding energy per soliton is found to saturate at N $N\ge7$.