Optimal control theory for quantum-classical systems: Ehrenfest Molecular Dynamics based on time-dependent density-functional theory

Abstract

We derive the fundamental equations of an optimal control theory for systems containing both quantum electrons and classical ions. The system is modeled with Ehrenfest dynamics, a non-adiabatic variant of molecular dynamics. The general formulation, that needs the fully correlated many-electron wave function, can be simplified by making use of time-dependent density-functional theory. In this case, the optimal control equations require some modifications that we will provide. The abstract general formulation is complemented with the simple example of the H$_2^+$ molecule in the presence of a laser field.