Grain boundary ferromagnetism in vanadium-doped In2O3 thin films
Abstract
Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in In2O3 thin films doped with 5 at.% vanadium, prepared by pulsed laser deposition at substrate temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 \, C. X-ray absorption fine structure measurement indicated that vanadium was substitutionally dissolved in the In2O3$ host lattice, thus excluding the existence of secondary phases of vanadium compounds. Magnetic measurements based on SQUID magnetometry and magnetic circular dichroism confirm that the magnetism is at grain boundaries and also in the grains. The overall magnetization originates from the competing effects between grains and grain boundaries.
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