The disk evaporation model for the spectral features of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei

Abstract

Observations show that the accretion flows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) probably have a two-component structure with an inner ADAF and an outer truncated accretion disk. As shown by Taam et al. (2012), the truncation radius as a function of mass accretion rate is strongly affected by including the magnetic field within the framework of disk evaporation model, i.e., an increase of the magnetic field results in a smaller truncation radius of the accretion disk. In this work, we calculate the emergent spectrum of an inner ADAF + an outer truncated accretion disk around a supermassive black hole based on the prediction by Taam et al. (2012). It is found that an increase of the magnetic field from $\beta=0.8$ to $\beta=0.5$ (with magnetic pressure $p_{\rm m}=B^2/{8\pi}=(1-\beta)p_{\rm tot}$, $p_{\rm tot}=p_{\rm gas}+p_{\rm m}$) results in an increase of $\sim 8.7$ times of the luminosity from the truncated accretion disk. We found that the equipartition of gas pressure to magnetic pressure, i.e., $\beta=0.5$, failed to explain the observed anti-correlation between $L_{\rm 2-10 keV}/L_{\rm Edd}$ and the bolometric correction $\kappa_{\rm 2-10 keV}$ (with $\kappa_{\rm 2-10 keV} = L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm 2-10 keV}$). The emergent spectra for larger value $\beta=0.8$ or $\beta=0.95$ can well explain the observed $L_{\rm 2-10 keV}/L_{\rm Edd}$-$\kappa_{\rm 2-10 keV}$ correlation. We argue that in the disk evaporation model, the electrons in the corona are assumed to be heated only by a transfer of energy from the ions to electrons via Coulomb collisions, which is reasonable for the accretion with a lower mass accretion rate. Coulomb heating is the dominated heating mechanism for the electrons only if the magnetic field is strongly sub-equipartition, which is roughly consistent with observations.