A polarization identity for multilinear maps

Abstract

Given linear spaces $E$ and $F$ over the real numbers or a field of characteristic zero, a simple argument is given to represent a symmetric multilinear map $u(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n)$ from $E^n$ to $F$ in terms of its restriction to the diagonal. As an application, a probabilistic expression for Gaussian variables used by Nelson and by Schetzen is derived. An Appendix by Tom H. Koornwinder notes an even further simplification by Bochnak and Siciak (1971) of the proof of the main result.