A 2-level system of cold sodium atoms with high and tunable susceptibility against the magnetic field

Abstract

A 2-level spin-system of cold sodium atoms is proposed. Both the cases that the system has arrived at thermo-equilibrium and is in the early stage of evolution have been studied. This system is inert to the magnetic field $B$ in general but very sensitive in a narrow domain around $B=B_0$, where $B_0$ can be predicted and is tunable. A characteristic constant $\gamma=0.278466$ dedicated to various 2-level systems is found, and leads to a upper limit for the internal energy $U$ of the whole system so that $U\leq\gamma k_B T$. This limit is considerably lower than the energy assigned to the spatial motion of only a single particle. Under thermo-equilibrium, the populations of spin-components measured at distinct $T$ converge to a fixed value when $B=B_0$. The period and amplitude of population oscillation are found to be seriously affected by the special sensitivity against $B$. Rich messages on the dynamic parameters could be obtained via experimental measurements of these systems.