Cosmic superstring networks with Y-junctions: Evolution, B-modes and Gravitational waves

Abstract

We review the properties and evolution of strings networks containing both a spectrum of string tensions as well as Y-junctions, namely a point at which three different strings meet. Such a situation is expected in cosmic superstring networks, where the tension of the different strings is determined by the fundamental string tension $\mu_F$ as well as the string coupling $g_s$. We discuss evolution of such a network, and the proliferation of kinks as they travel through junctions. These effects can leave observational signals on B-modes and gravitational waves, which can then in turn constrain the underlying parameters of the theory.