Uniqueness and long time asymptotic for the Keller-Segel equation: The parabolic-elliptic case

Abstract

The present paper deals with the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel equation in the plane in the general framework of weak (or ''free energy") solutions associated to initial datum with finite mass $M$, finite second moment and finite entropy. The aim of the paper is threefold: (1) We prove the uniqueness of the ''free energy" solution on the maximal interval of existence $[0,T^*)$ with $T^*=\infty$ in the case when $M\le8\pi$ and $T^*< \infty$ in the case when $M> 8\pi$. The proof uses a DiPerna-Lions renormalizing argument which makes possible to get the ''optimal regularity" as well as an estimate of the difference of two possible solutions in the critical $L^{4/3}$ Lebesgue norm similarly as for the $2d$ vorticity Navier-Stokes equation. (2) We prove immediate smoothing effect and, in the case $M < 8\pi$, we prove Sobolev norm bound uniformly in time for the rescaled solution (corresponding to the self-similar variables). (3) In the case $M < 8\pi$, we also prove weighted $L^{4/3}$ linearized stability of the self-similar profile and then universal optimal rate of convergence of the solution to the self-similar profile. The proof is mainly based on an argument of enlargement of the functional space for semigroup spectral gap.