$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking in a necklace of coupled optical waveguides

Abstract

We consider parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric arrays formed by $N$ optical waveguides with gain and $N$ waveguides with loss. When the gain-loss coefficient exceeds a critical value $\gamma_c$, the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry becomes spontaneously broken. We calculate $\gamma_c(N)$ and prove that $\gamma_c \to 0$ as $N \to \infty$. In the symmetric phase, the periodic array is shown to support $2N$ solitons with different frequencies and polarisations.