Geometric phases between biorthogonal states

Abstract

We investigate the evolution of a state which is dominated by a finite-dimensional non-Hermitian time-dependent Hamiltonian operator with a nondegenerate spectrum by using a biorthonormal approach. The geometric phase between any two states, biorthogonal or not, are generally derived by employing the generalized interference method. The counterpart of Manini-Pistolesi non-diagonal geometric phase in the non-Hermitian setting is taken as a typical example.