Tightened estimation can improve the key rate of MDI-QKD by more than $100\%$

Abstract

We present formulas to tightly upper bound the phase-flip errors in decoy state method by using 4 intensities. Our result compressed the bound to about a quarter of known result for MDI-QKD. Based on this, we find that the key rate is improved by more than $100\%$ given weak coherent state sources (WCS), and even more than $200\%$ with the heralded single-photon sources (HSPS).