Finite higher spin transformations from exponentiation

Abstract

We study the exponentiation of elements of the gauge Lie algebras ${\rm hs}(\lambda)$ of three-dimensional higher spin theories. Exponentiable elements generate one-parameter groups of finite higher spin symmetries. We show that elements of ${\rm hs}(\lambda)$ in a dense set are exponentiable, when pictured in certain representations of ${\rm hs}(\lambda)$, induced from representations of $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ in the complementary series. We also provide a geometric picture of higher spin gauge transformations clarifying the physical origin of these representations. This allows us to construct an infinite-dimensional topological group $HS(\lambda)$ of finite higher spin symmetries. Interestingly, this construction is possible only for $0 \leq \lambda \leq 1$, which are the values for which the higher spin theory is believed to be unitary and for which the Gaberdiel-Gopakumar duality holds. We exponentiate explicitly various commutative subalgebras of ${\rm hs}(\lambda)$. Among those, we identify families of elements of ${\rm hs}(\lambda)$ exponentiating to the unit of $HS(\lambda)$, generalizing the logarithms of the holonomies of BTZ black hole connections. Our techniques are generalizable to the Lie algebras relevant to higher spin theories in dimensions above three.