Fine-grained uncertainty relation under the relativistic motion

Abstract

Among various uncertainty relations, the profound fine-grained uncertainty relation is used to distinguish the uncertainty inherent in obtaining any combination of outcomes for different measurements. In this Letter, we explore this uncertainty relation in relativistic regime. For observer undergoes an uniform acceleration who is immersed in an Unruh thermal bath, we show that the uncertainty bound is dependent on the acceleration parameter and choice of Unruh modes. We find that the measurements in mutually unbiased bases, sharing same uncertainty bound in inertial frame, could be distinguished from each other for a noninertial observer. In an alternative scenario, for the observer restricted in a single rigid cavity, we show that the uncertainty bound exhibits a periodic evolution w.r.t. the duration of acceleration. With properly chosen cavity parameters, the uncertainty bounds could be protected. Moreover, we find that uncertainty bound can be degraded for specific quantum measurements to violate the bound exhibited in nonrelativistic limit, which can be attributed to the entanglement generation between cavity modes during particular epoch. Several implications of our results are discussed.