Diamagnetic drift effects on the low-n magnetohydrodynamic modes at the high mode pedestal with plasma rotation

Abstract

The diamagnetic drift effects on the low-$n$ magnetohydrodynamic instabilities at the high-mode (H-mode) pedestal are investigated in this paper with the inclusion of bootstrap current for equilibrium and rotation effects for stability, where $n$ is the toroidal mode number. The AEGIS (Adaptive EiGenfunction Independent Solutions) code [L. J. Zheng, M. T. Kotschenreuther, J. Comp. Phys. {\bf 211}, (2006)] is extended to include the diamagnetic drift effects. This can be viewed as the lowest order approximation of the finite Larmor radius effects in consideration of the pressure gradient steepness at the pedestal. The H-mode discharges at Jointed European Torus (JET) is reconstructed numerically using the VMEC code [P. Hirshman and J. C. Whitson, Phys. Fluids {\bf 26}, 3553 (1983)], with bootstrap current taken into account. Generally speaking, the diamagnetic drift effects are stabilizing. Our results show that the effectiveness of diamagnetic stabilization depends sensitively on the safe factor value ($q_s$) at the safety-factor reversal or plateau region. The diamagnetic stabilization are weaker, when $q_s$ is larger than an integer; while stronger, when $q_s$ is smaller or less larger than an integer. We also find that the diamagnetic drift effects also depend sensitively on the rotation direction. The diamagnetic stabilization in the co-rotation case is stronger than in the counter rotation case with respect to the ion diamagnetic drift direction.