Artificial Tribotactic Microscopic Walkers

Abstract

Friction, the resistive force between two surfaces sliding past each other, is at the core of a wide diversity of locomotion schemes. While such schemes are somewhat understood for homogeneous environments, locomotion based on friction in inhomogeneous environments has not received much attention. Here, we introduce and demonstrate the concept of tribotaxis by utilizing microwalkers that detect gradients in the friction coefficient controlled by the density of biological receptors on the substrate. When actuated stochastically, these microwalkers migrate to regions of higher friction, effectively performing chemotaxis. Simulations and theory based on biased random walks are in excellent agreement with experiments. Our results may have important implications in artificial and natural locomotion in biological environments because interfaces are a prominent motif in nature.