Inequalities related to Bourin and Heinz means with a complex parameter

Abstract

A conjecture posed by S. Hayajneh and F. Kittaneh claims that given $A,B$ positive matrices, $0\le t\le 1$, and any unitarily invariant norm it holds $|||A^tB^{1-t}+B^tA^{1-t}|||\le|||A^tB^{1-t}+A^{1-t}B^t|||$. Recently, R. Bhatia proved the inequality for the case of the Frobenius norm and for $t\in [1/4;3/4]$. In this paper, using complex methods we extend this result to complex values of the parameter $t=z$ in the strip $\{z \in {\mathbb C}: Re(z) \in [1/4;3/4]\}$. We give an elementary proof of the fact that equality holds for some $z$ in the strip if and only if $A$ and $B$ commute. We also show a counterexample to the general conjecture by exhibiting a pair of positive matrices such that the claim does not hold for the uniform norm. Finally, we give a counterexample for a related singular value inequality given by $s_j(A^tB^{1-t}+B^tA^{1-t})\le s_j(A+B)$, answering in the negative a question made by K. Audenaert and F. Kittaneh.