Coulomb impurity problem of graphene in magnetic fields

Abstract

Analytical solutions of the Coulomb impurity problem of graphene in the absence of a magnetic field show that when the dimensionless strength of the Coulomb potential $g$ reaches a critical value the solutions become supercritical with imaginary eigenenergies. Application of a magnetic field is a singular perturbation, and no analytical solutions are known except at a denumerably infinite set of magnetic fields. We find solutions of this problem by numerical diagonalization of large Hamiltonian matrices. Solutions are qualitatively different from those of zero magnetic field. All energies are discrete and no complex energies allowed. We have computed the finite-size scaling function of the probability density containing s-wave component of Dirac wavefunctions. This function depends on the coupling constant, regularization parameter, and the gap. In the limit of vanishing regularization parameter our findings are consistent with the expected values exponent $\nu$ which determines of the asymptotic behavior of the wavefunction near $r=0$.