First Invader Dynamics in Diffusion-Controlled Absorption

Abstract

We investigate the average time for the earliest particle to hit a spherical absorber when a homogeneous gas of freely diffusing particles with density $\rho$ and diffusivity $D$ is prepared in a deterministic state and is initially separated by a minimum distance $\ell$ from this absorber. In the high-density limit, this first absorption time scales as $\frac{\ell^2}{D}\frac{1}{\ln\rho\ell}$ in one dimension; we also obtain the first absorption time in three dimensions. In one dimension, we determine the probability that the $k^{\rm th}$-closest particle is the first one to hit the absorber. At large $k$, this probability decays as $k^{1/3}\exp(-Ak^{2/3})$, with $A= 1.93299\ldots$ analytically calculable. As a corollary, the characteristic hitting time $T_k$ for the $k^{\rm th}$-closest particle scales as $k^{4/3}$; this corresponds to superdiffusive but still subballistic motion.