The square model for random groups

Abstract

We introduce a new random group model called the square model: we quotient a free group on $n$ generators by a random set of relations, each of which is a reduced word of length four. We prove, as in the Gromov density model, that for densities $> \frac{1}{2}$ a random group in the square model is trivial with overwhelming probability and for densities $<\frac{1}{2}$ a random group is with overwhelming probability hyperbolic. Moreover we show that for densities $\frac{1}{4} < d < \frac{1}{3}$ a random group in the square model does not have Property (T). Inspired by the results for the triangular model we prove that for densities $<\frac{1}{4}$ in the square model, a random group is free with overwhelming probability. We also introduce abstract diagrams with fixed edges and prove a generalization of the isoperimetric inequality.