Atomic transitions of Rb, $D_{2}$ line in strong magnetic fields: hyperfine Paschen-Back regime

Abstract

An efficient $\lambda/2$-method ($\lambda$ is the resonant wavelength of laser radiation) based on nanometric-thickness cell filled with rubidium is implemented to study the splitting of hyperfine transitions of $^{85}$Rb and $^{87}$Rb $D_2$ lines in an external magnetic field in the range of $B =3$~kG -- 7~kG. It is experimentally demonstrated that at $B > 3$~kG from 38 (22) Zeeman transitions allowed at low $B$-field in $^{85}$Rb ($^{87}$Rb) spectra in the case of $\sigma^+$ polarized laser radiation there remain only 12 (8) which is caused by decoupling of the total electronic momentum $\textbf{J}$ and the nuclear spin momentum $\textbf{I}$ (hyperfine Paschen-Back regime). Note that at $B > 4.5$~kG in the absorption spectrum these $20$ atomic transitions are regrouped in two completely separate groups of $10$ atomic transitions each. Their frequency positions and fixed (within each group) frequency slopes, as well as the probability characteristics are determined. A unique behavior of the atomic transitions of $^{85}$Rb and $^{87}$Rb labeled $19$ and $20$ (for low magnetic field they could be presented as transitions $F_g=3, m_F=+3 \rightarrow F_e=4, m_F=+4$ and $F_g=2, m_F=+2 \rightarrow F_e=3, m_F=+3$, correspondingly) is stressed. The experiment agrees well with the theory. Comparison of the behavior of atomic transitions for $D_2$ line compared with that of $D_1$ line is presented. Possible applications are described.