Simultaneous dipole and quadrupole moment contribution in the Bogoliubov spectrum: Application of the non-integral Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Abstract

We present the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) possessing the electric dipole and the electric quadrupole moments in a non-integral form. These equations are coupled with the Maxwell equations. The model under consideration includes the dipole-dipole, the dipole-quadrupole, and the quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in terms of the electric field created by the dipoles and quadrupoles. We apply this model to obtain the Bogoliubov spectrum for three dimensional BECs with a repulsive short-range interaction. We obtain an extra term in the Bogoliubov spectrum in compare with the dipolar BECs. We show that the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction gives a positive contribution in the Bogoliubov spectrum. Hence this spectrum is stable.