Skyrmion fractionalization and merons in chiral magnets with easy-plane anisotropy

Abstract

We study the equilibrium phase diagram of ultrathin chiral magnets with easy-plane anisotropy $A$. The vast triangular skyrmion lattice phase that is stabilized by an external magnetic field evolves continuously as a function of increasing $A$ into a regime in which nearest-neighbor skyrmions start overlapping with each other. This overlap leads to a continuous reduction of the skyrmion number from its quantized value $Q=1$ and to the emergence of antivortices at the center of the triangles formed by nearest-neighbor skyrmions. The antivortices also carry a small "skyrmion number" $Q_A \ll 1$ that grows as a function of increasing $A$. The system undergoes a first order phase transition into a square vortex-antivortex lattice at a critical value of $A$. Finally, a canted ferromagnetic state becomes stable through another first order transition for a large enough anisotropy $A$. Interestingly enough, this first order transition is accompanied by {\it metastable} meron solutions.