Nonlinear gravitational waves as dark energy in warped spacetimes

Abstract

On a warped five-dimensional Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW) spacetime, dark energy can be induced by a U(1) scalar-gauge field on the brane. We consider a zero effective cosmological constant, i.e., the Randall-Sundrum(RS) fine-tuning and no bulk matter fields. The standard model fields interact via the bulk Weyl tensor and cause brane fluctuations. Due to the warp factor, disturbances don't fade away during the expansion of the universe. The late-time behavior could be significant deviate from the standard evolution of the universe. The effect is triggered by the time-dependent part of the warp factor. The self-gravitating cosmic string builds up a huge mass per unit length in the bulk and can induce massive KK-modes felt on the brane. From a nonlinear perturbation analysis it is found that the effective Einstein equations contain a "back-reaction" term on the righthand side caused by the projected 5D Weyl tensor and can act as a dark energy term. The propagation equations to first order for the metric components and scalar-gauge fields show explicit $\varphi$-dependency.