A nonlocal polarization interferometer for entanglement detection

Abstract

We report a nonlocal interferometer capable of detecting entanglement and identifying Bell states statistically. This is possible due to the interferometer's unique correlation dependence on the anti-diagonal elements of the density matrix, which have distinct bounds for separable states and unique values for the four Bell states. The interferometer consists of two spatially separated balanced Mach-Zehnder or Sagnac interferometers that share a polarization entangled source. Correlations between these interferometers exhibit non-local interference, while single photon interference is suppressed. This interferometer also allows for a unique version of the CHSH-Bell test where the local reality is the photon polarization. We present the relevant theory and experimental results.