Air nonlinear dynamics initiated by ultra-intense lambda-cubic THz pulses

Abstract

Air turns into a nonlinear medium for electromagnetic waves under exceptionally strong fields. However up to present, its minuscule nonlinear response has limited the exploration to the optical frequency regime owing to the availability of intense near-infrared lasers. Here, we report on the observation of large-amplitude nonlinearity in air induced by an extremely intense light bullet at Terahertz frequencies (0.1-10 THz) provoking strong air birefringence. The observed nonlinearity manifests itself as third order susceptibility. The presented nonlinear observations break the barrier for the entire exciting THz-induced nonlinear phenomena in air ranging from THz-induced self-focusing and self-phase modulation to THz solitons and filamentation.