Vortex arrays in a rotating superfluid He-4 nanocylinder

Abstract

Within Density Functional theory, we investigate stationary many-vortex structures in a rotating $^4$He nanocylinder at zero temperature. We compute the stability diagram and compare our results with the classical model of vortical lines in an inviscid and incompressible fluid. Scaling the results to millimeter-size buckets, they can be compared with experiments on vortex arrays conducted in the past. Motivated by recent experiments that have used atomic impurities as a means of visualizing vortices in superfluid $^4$He droplets, we have also considered the formation of chains of xenon atoms along a vortex line and the interaction between xenon atoms inside the same vortex and on different neighboring vortex lines.