Proton radius puzzle in Hamiltonian dynamics

Abstract

Relativistic lepton-proton bound-state eigenvalue equations for Hamiltonians derived from quantum field theory using second-order renormalization group procedure for effective particles, are reducible to two-body Schroedinger eigenvalue equations with the effective Coulomb potential that exhibits a tiny sensitivity to the characteristic momentum-scale of the bound system. The scale dependence is shown to be relevant to the theoretical interpretation of precisely measured lepton-proton bound-state energy levels in terms of a 4 percent difference between the proton radii in muon-proton and electron-proton bound states.