Self-consistent modelling of nonlinear dynamic ESM microscopy in mixed ionic-electronic conductors

Abstract

Dynamic Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM) response of mixed ionic-electronic conductors is analysed in the framework of the Thomas-Fermi screening theory and Vegard law with accounting of the steric effects. The emergence of dynamic charge waves and nonlinear deformation of the surface as result of applying probing voltage is numerically explored. 2D maps of the strain and concentration distribution across the mixed ionic-electronic conductor and bias-induced surface displacements for ESM microscopy were calculated. Obtained numerical results can be of applied to quantify ESM response of Li-based solid electroytes, materials with resistive switching and electroactive ferroelectric polymers, which are of potential interest for flexible and high-density non-volatile memory devices.