\'Equation de Fermat et nombres premiers inertes

Abstract

Let $K$ be a number field and $p$ a prime number $\geq 5$. Let us denote by $\mu_p$ the group of the $p$th roots of unity. We define $p$ to be $K$-regular if $p$ does not divide the class number of the field $K(\mu_p)$. Under the assumption that $p$ is $K$-regular and inert in $K$, we establish the second case of Fermat's Last Theorem over $K$ for the exponent $p$. We use in the proof classical arguments, as well as Faltings' theorem stating that a curve of genus at least two over $K$ has a finite number of $K$-rational points. Moreover, if $K$ is an imaginary quadratic field, other than ${\bf Q}(\sqrt{-3})$, we deduce a statement which allows often in practice to prove Fermat's Last Theorem over $K$ for the $K$-regular exponents.