Spontaneous parametric down conversion in chirped, aperiodically-poled crystals

Abstract

We present a theoretical analysis of the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in a non-linear crystal characterized by a linearly-chirped X(2) grating along the direction of propagation. Our analysis leads to an expression for the joint spectral amplitude, based on which we can derive various spectral-temporal properties of the photon pairs and of the heralded single photons obtained from the photon pairs, including: the single photon spectrum, the chronocyclic Wigner function and the Schmidt number. The simulations that we present are for the specific case of a collinear SPDC source based on a PPLN crystal with the signal and idler photons emitted close to the telecom window. We discuss the mechanism for spectral broadening due to the presence of a linearly chirped X(2) grating, showing that not only the width but also to some extent the shape of the SPDC spectrum maybe controlled. Also, we discuss how the fact that the different spectral components are emitted on different planes in the crystal leads to single-photon chirp.