The canonical ring of a stacky curve

Abstract

Generalizing the classical theorems of Max Noether and Petri, we describe generators and relations for the canonical ring of a stacky curve, including an explicit Gr\"obner basis. We work in a general algebro-geometric context and treat log canonical and spin canonical rings as well. As an application, we give an explicit presentation for graded rings of modular forms arising from finite-area quotients of the upper half-plane by Fuchsian groups.