Partially Thermostated Kac Model

Abstract

We study a system of $N$ particles interacting through the Kac collision, with $m$ of them interacting, in addition, with a Maxwellian thermostat at temperature $\frac{1}{\beta}$. We use two indicators to understand the approach to the equilibrium Gaussian state. We prove that i) the spectral gap of the evolution operator behaves as $\frac{m}{N}$ for large $N$ ii) the relative entropy approaches its equilibrium value (at least) at an eventually exponential rate $\sim \frac{m}{N^2}$ for large $N$. The question of having non-zero entropy production at time $0$ remains open. A relationship between the Maxwellian thermostat and the thermostat used in Bonetto, Loss, Vaidyanathan (J. Stat. Phys. 156(4):647-667, 2014) is established through a van Hove limit.