Coloring the square of a sparse graph $G$ with almost $\Delta(G)$ colors

Abstract

For a graph $G$, let $G^2$ be the graph with the same vertex set as $G$ and $xy \in E(G^2)$ when $x \neq y$ and $d_G(x,y) \leq 2$. Bonamy, L\'ev\^{e}que, and Pinlou conjectured that if $mad (G) < 4 - \frac{2}{c+1}$ and $\Delta(G)$ is large, then $\chi_\ell(G^2) \leq \Delta(G) + c$. We prove that if $c \geq 3$, $mad (G) < 4 - \frac{4}{c+1}$, and $\Delta(G)$ is large, then $\chi_\ell(G^2) \leq \Delta(G) + c$. Dvo\v{r}\'ak, Kr\'{a}\soft{l}, Nejedl\'{y}, and \v{S}krekovski conjectured that $\chi(G^2) \leq \Delta(G) +2$ when $\Delta(G)$ is large and $G$ is planar with girth at least $5$; our result implies $\chi (G^2) \leq \Delta(G) +6$.